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Power Factor Correction Calculator

Calculate capacitor bank size to improve power factor and reduce reactive power

Reference Info & Formulas
Why Correct PF?

Poor power factor increases apparent power (kVA) and current draw without doing useful work.

Benefits:

  • Lower electricity bills (reactive power charges)
  • Reduced cable losses (I²R)
  • Freed-up transformer capacity
  • Lower voltage drop
Typical Power Factors

0.85: Motors, compressors

0.65: Welding equipment

0.80: Fluorescent lighting

0.95+: LED lighting, resistive loads

Input
Enter load details and power factor values
kW

Data: Power triangle formulas — kVAr = kW × (tan(arccos PF₁) − tan(arccos PF₂))

For guidance only. The responsibility for any electrical installation lies with the qualified person carrying out the work. Always verify calculations independently and apply professional judgement.

How Power Factor Correction Works

Power factor is the ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA). A low power factor means more current is drawn to deliver the same useful work.

Qc = P × (tan(arccos PF₁) − tan(arccos PF₂))
Qc
= Required capacitor kVAr
P
= Active power in kW
PF₁
= Current (poor) power factor
PF₂
= Target (improved) power factor

Power triangle relationship

Capacitors supply reactive power locally, reducing the reactive current drawn from the supply. This lowers apparent power (kVA), reduces line current, and improves voltage regulation throughout the installation.

Quick Reference — Correction kVAr per kW

Multiplier table: kVAr = kW × factor

Standard power factor correction tables
Current PFTarget 0.90Target 0.95Target 0.98Target 1.00
0.700.540.690.801.02
0.750.400.550.660.88
0.800.270.420.530.75
0.850.130.290.400.62
0.900.160.270.48

Multiply active power (kW) by the factor to get required kVAr.

Installation Considerations

Overcorrection Risk

Correcting beyond unity (leading power factor) can increase voltage at the point of connection and may breach supply agreement terms. Most automatic PFC controllers limit correction to 0.95–0.98 lagging to prevent this.

Harmonic-Rich Environments

Where VFDs, UPS systems, or large LED installations are present, specify detuned capacitor banks (7% reactors) to prevent harmonic resonance. Standard capacitors in these environments can amplify 5th harmonic currents significantly.

Frequently Asked Questions

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